• Checksum Verification Using ISO Image

    After downloading ISO file from Fedora/CentOS, you can check the integrity of the ISO-file with a checksum, the md5sum. The mirror will offer you a separate text file to download with a 128 bit string of characters. This string has to be exactly the same as the one you get when you do: # md5sum file.iso 0c0f8ff9b6fb60a4778288de0d9e7f46  file.iso We assume that, you have downloaded ...
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  • Nikto - Web Server Scanner

    Nikto is a web server scanner tool, which performs comprehensive checking against web servers for multiple items, including over 3500 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, versions on over 700 servers, and version specific problems more than 200 servers. Nikto is built on LibWhisker and can run on any platform which has a Perl environment, and supports SSL, proxies, host authentication, IDS...
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  • MemCache Installation On Linux

    “MemCached” is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load.  Activate the RPMForge repository, #wget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm # rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm Now install memcache rpm from rpm...
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  • Set MySQL Root Password

    For mysql, the system administrator user is called root. We will use the mysqladmin utility from a command line to set the new password. Default password is not secured at all. By default in RedHat, Fedora and Centos default password is null. So it is always better to set root password. To set root password, # mysqladmin -u root password XyZ@aBc@123 # mysqladmin -u root -h ...
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  • Enable Root Authentication in Linux Single User Mode

    Single-User mode is used for a system recovery. However, by default, no authentication is used if single-user mode is selected. This can be used to bypassing security on the server and gaining root access. To enable authentication for single-user mode, open the /etc/inittab, file: # vi /etc/inittab Add the following line to the...
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  • Honeypot for SSH - Kojoney Installation and Configuration

    In computer terminology, a honeypot is a trap set to detect, deflect, or in some manner counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems. Generally it consists of a computer, data, or a network site that appears to be part of a network, but is actually isolated, (un)protected, and monitored, and which seems to contain information or a resource of value to attackers. STEP 1:...
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  • SARG

    SARG – Squid Analysis Report Generator Configuration is a tool that allow you to view “where” your users are going to on the Internet. SARG provides many information about Squid users activities like, times, bytes, sites, etc… Download latest version of SARG from here. # wget http://...
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  • Mozilla Firefox Installation on Fedora Linux

    Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser descended from the Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. As of October 2010, Firefox is the second most widely used browser, with 30% of worldwide usage share of web browsers. In Germany, Firefox is the most popular browser with 60% usage says Wikipedia. To install Firefox 4 on Fedora Linux, # vim ...
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  • SSH Welcome Banner Configuration In Linux

    Every time I connect to Linux server, I receive the same message and I’m getting tired of seeing it, so I decided to change the message to something else. Here’s the message that I get every time: [root@server1 ~]# ssh linuxarticles.org root@linuxarticles.org's password: Last login: Mon Oct 11 18:58:43 2010 from loc...
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  • SparkleShare

    SparkleShare is a syncing and collaboration tool that shines by its absence. it's designed to get out of your way, to make sharing documents and collaboration easier, and to make peers aware of what you are doing says its project site. With SparkleShare, you are given an option to host your remote folder on your own server, Github, Gitorious, The GNOME Project. Sharing...
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  • Difference between su and root

    As you login as “root” right from booting the system, all the privileges are set to root, what makes your system more vulnerable to your own mistakes and those wishing to enter your system. As you login as normal user, the privileges are limited, thus it´s safer. To be able to do administrative tasks you can temporally login as root using “su” in a console/terminal, that way the root privileges ...
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  • Configure Apache to Listen Multiple Ports

    We can configure apache – httpd service to listen Multiple ports via Listen directive. By default httpd listens on TCP port 80. To configure multiple ports, open file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and modify the Listen directive tells the server to accept incoming requests on the specified port # vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Find, Listen 80 Force apache to listen to port 8...
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  • YUM – Exclude Package Update

    YUM is an interactive, rpm based, package manager. It can automatically perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete processing based on "repository" metadata. It can also perform installation of new packages, removal of old packages and perform queries on the installed and/or available packages among many other commands/services (see below). yum is similar to other high level package ...
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  • Linux - Track NFS Disk I/O Stats

    The iostat command, Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices, partitions and network file systems (NFS). The iostat command generates reports that can be used to change system configuration to better balance the input/output load between physical disks. The -n option displays the NFS disk statistics. Data displayed are valid only with kernels...
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  • Ubuntu Linux - Flush DNS cache

    Sometimes you may get old web results and old webpages even after updating the web pages. That means, DNS cache holds the problem. To solve this problem, execute below command to flush DNS cache.  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart
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  • PowerDNS Installation on Linux

    PowerDNS is a DNS server, written in C++ and licensed under the GPL. It runs on most Unix derivatives and on Microsoft Windows. PowerDNS can be managed through a web interface (PowerAdmin). Install MySQL, # yum install mysql* -y After installation, start it and create system startup links for MySQL. # service mysqld start; chkconfig mysqld on If you want to set root password, # mysqladmin -u root...
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  • MySQL – Basic Commands To Know

    MySQL is a simple SQL shell (with GNU read line capabilities). It supports interactive and non interactive use. When used interactively, query results are presented in an ASCII-table format. When used non interactively (for example, as a filter), the result is presented in tab-separated format. The output format can be changed using command options. After Installation of MySQL on Linux System, start it by, #...
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  • Windows Fonts in Linux

    Do you want to create a document using windows fonts in Linux? No problem, please install windows fonts using one of mentioned method. Method 1: Copy the *.ttf (True Type Fonts) fonts like Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Courier New and Times New Roman from the windows partition to the fonts:// location in nautilus. Method 2: For Ubuntu users, and since Ubuntu does not have a...
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  • Linux - Backup MySQL Database to a file

    Backing up MySQL database is a very important system administration task, and should generally be run automatically from cron. We will use the mysqldump utility included with mysql to dump the contents of the database to a text file that can be easily restore. # mysqldump -h localhost -u root -p root_password DataBase > DB_name_Bkp.sql This will generate a text file containing ...
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  • Apache Linux - Limiting User Upload File Size

    To restricts Users from uploading File Size, we can configure Apache with LimitRequestBody Directive. You can add this directive using .htaccess file or httpd.conf file under virtual host or directory configuration options. You can set value (in bytes) from 0 (unlimited) to 2147483647 (2GB) that are allowed in a request body. For example, limit /var/www/html/linuxarticles.org/uploads to 200K,...
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  • Dropbox

    Dropbox is a Web-based file hosting service operated by Dropbox, Inc. which uses cloud computing to enable users to store and share files and folders with others across the Internet using file synchronization. It was founded in 2007 by MIT graduates Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi as a Y Combinator startup says Wikipedia.   To install DropBox on your system, download appropriate rpm for your...
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  • Set up Google Public DNS on Linux

    Google has recently released their very own DNS resolver with main goals of making web browsing faster and safer. Since Google's search engine already crawls the web on a daily basis and in the process resolves and caches DNS information, they wanted to make use of their technology to experiment with new ways of addressing some of the existing DNS challenges around performance and security. For advanced...
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  • Convert DEB to RPM or RPM to DEB Package

    You can convert DEB file to RPM package and RPM to DEB package using alien command, if you have a *.rpm file that you want to install on a Debian or Ubuntu. Convert RPM to DEB Install alien command on Ubuntu as mentioned here: # sudo apt-get install alien Now, use alien command to convert rpm to deb file, # alien...
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  • SSH Brute Force Attacks Protection using DenyHosts

    You can easily block SSH server attacks including dictionary based attacks and brute force attacks using a Python based script - DenyHosts. It analyzes the sshd log messages to determine what hosts or IPs are attempting to hack into your system. STEP 1: Enable Rpmforge Repo in your system, For 32bit CentOS / RHEL Linux enter: # rpm -Uhv...
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  • Monitor Failed Login Attempts

    In Linux you can use faillog command to display failed login attempts or you can set login failure limits. faillog formats the contents of the failure log from /var/log/faillog database / secure log file. It also can be used for maintains failure counters and limits. For RHEL/CentOS Linux 5.x, you need to modify /etc/pam.d/system-auth file to monitor or track failed login attempts. You need to...
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libsmbclient

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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SYNOPSIS Browser URL: smb://[[[domain:]user[:password@]]server[/share[/path[/file]]]] [?options] DESCRIPTION This tool is part of the samba(7) suite. libsmbclient is a library toolset that permits applications to manipulate CIFS/SMB network resources using many of the standards POSIX functions available for manipulating local UNIX/Linux files. It permits much more than just browsing, files can be opened and read or written,…

libc

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The term “libc” is commonly used as a shorthand for the “standard C library”, a library of standard functions that can be used by all C programs (and sometimes by programs in other languages). Because of some history (see below), use of the term “libc” to refer to the stan- dard C library is…

latin10

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-16, the “Latin Alphabet No. 10″ is used to encode Central and Eastern European Latin characters and is not implemented yet by any program vendors. ISO 8859-16 supports the following languages: Albanian, Bosnian, Croatian, English,…

latin9

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). Especially important is ISO 8859-1, the “Latin Alphabet No. 1″, which has become widely implemented and may already be seen as the de-facto standard ASCII replacement. However, it lacks the EURO symbol and does not fully…

latin8

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-14 encodes the characters used in Celtic languages. ISO 8859 Alphabets The full set of ISO 8859 alphabets includes: ISO 8859-1 West European languages (Latin-1) ISO 8859-2 Central and East European languages (Latin-2) ISO 8859-3…

latin7

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-13 encodes the characters used in Baltic Rim languages. ISO 8859 Alphabets The full set of ISO 8859 alphabets includes: ISO 8859-1 West European languages (Latin-1) ISO 8859-2 Central and East European languages (Latin-2) ISO…

latin6

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-10 encodes the characters used in Nordic languages. ISO 8859 Alphabets The full set of ISO 8859 alphabets includes: ISO 8859-1 West European languages (Latin-1) ISO 8859-2 Central and East European languages (Latin-2) ISO 8859-3…

latin5

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-9, also known as the “Latin Alphabet No. 5″, encodes the characters used in Turkish. ISO 8859 Alphabets The full set of ISO 8859 alphabets includes: ISO 8859-1 West European languages (Latin-1) ISO 8859-2 Central…

latin4

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-4 encodes the characters used in Scandinavian and Baltic languages (Latin-4). ISO 8859 Alphabets The full set of ISO 8859 alphabets includes: ISO 8859-1 West European languages (Latin-1) ISO 8859-2 Central and East European languages…

latin3

Nov 22nd

Posted by Dhaval Soni in Section 7

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DESCRIPTION The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-3 encodes the characters used in Southeast European languages. ISO 8859 Alphabets The full set of ISO 8859 alphabets includes: ISO 8859-1 West European languages (Latin-1) ISO 8859-2 Central and East European languages (Latin-2) ISO…

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