When you install a dual-boot of Linux, one of the frustrating things that you’ll immediately notice is that Linux is set as the default operating system in the Grub loader. If you want to change default Operation System instead of Linux, there’s an easy way to switch back to using Windows as the default. Open /boot/grub/menu.lst, # vim /bo...

“ViCompress HTTP proxy server reduces download time by gzip compressing text pages before sending them on the client. This results in faster download times, especially over slow network connections. ViCompress works with existing web servers and web browsers. All modern browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Chrome) recognize gzip-encoded data, and will automatically decompress the data on the f...

The mysqldump client is a backup program originally written by Igor Romanenko. It can be used to dump a database or a collection of databases for backup or transfer to another SQL server (not necessarily a MySQL server). The dump typically contains SQL statements to create the table, populate it, or both. However, mysqldump can also be used to generate files in CSV, other delimited text, or XML...

There are a number of different ways to do root password recovery on a Linux system. Different distributions make it easier than others. You must be physically in front of the system. For Red Hat and Mandrake: Boot from your first install CD and as the very first screen comes up hit F2 and type: rescue ( For RedHat "linux rescue" ) and the computer will boot in rescue mode....

Do you want to Download your favorite you tube video in Linux? No problem! Here I have mentioned all steps to download you tube video using Linux Terminal.   Step 1: Install youtube-dl package by executing, On Ubuntu, $ sudo apt-get install youtube-dl On Fedora, RedHat, CentOS, # yum install youtube-dl -y Step 2: After having successfully installed youtube-dl, open a...

  This article will guide you through the necessary steps to install ipw3945 wireless adapter on a CentOS / RHEL based distribution. Before we start, make sure that you have rpmforge repository configured. If you do not have, download it from here. # wget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm # rpm -ivh...

Do you lost or forgot mysql root password ? No problem...! You can recover MySQL database server password with following steps. First Stop mysql service. # /etc/init.d/mysqld stop Start MySQL server without password: # mysqld_safe   - -skip-grant-tables & Connect to mysql server using mysql client: # mysql -u root Setup new MySQL root user password mysql> use mysql; mysql> update user set p...

There are various methods to run multiple instances of mysql (on different ports) on the same machine. Here I have used the same binary and used a separate configuration file (with separate port, pid, socket and data directory). We need to create new directories for our datadir and log folder (if used). Also we need to assign proper permissions on those folders: # mkdir /var/lib/mysql2 # chown -R mysql.mysql...

Do you want to create a document using windows fonts in Linux? No problem, please install windows fonts using one of mentioned method. Method 1: Copy the *.ttf (True Type Fonts) fonts like Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Courier New and Times New Roman from the windows partition to the fonts:// location in nautilus. Method 2: For Ubuntu users, and since Ubuntu does not have a...

An ISO image is an disk image of an optical disc using a conventional ISO format. ISO image files typically have a file extension of .ISO. The name "ISO" is taken from the ISO 9660 file system used with CD-ROM media, but an ISO image can also contain UDF file system because UDF is backward-compatible to ISO 9660. You can mount an ISO images via the loop device under Linux. To mount ISO...

When your system is rebooted, grub presents the boot option menu called splace screen. From here, you or anybody can easily login into a single user mode (sometimes it is called Rescue Mode) without the password which might result into breaching computer security. You can set a password for the GRUB boot loader. This prevents users from rescue or Singe-User  mode or changing settings at boot ...

If you are using Linux Desktop Operating System and do not want to set up an email server, use GMail account to relay emails. On Desktop OS, we can use GUI Email Clients, which supports POP3/IMAP to send an email but how about /usr/bin/mail or from cmd prompt? To fulfil your requirement, you need to install a simple program called ssmtp. It accepts a mail stream on standard input...

Linux kernel has PC speaker bell driver called pcspkr.ko. It is responsible for generating beeps while users are working on Shell Prompts ( Both Virtual and GUI Terminals ). If you don't like it, simply remove driver from kernel. Login as a root and type the following command to unload the driver: # rmmod -v pcspkr Sample output: rmmod pcspkr, wait=no We...

hdparm provides  a command line interface to various kernel interfaces supported by the Linux SATA/PATA/SAS "libata" subsystem and  the  older IDE driver subsystem.  Many newer (2008 and later) USB drive enclosures now also support "SAT" (SCSI-ATA Command Translation) and therefore may also  work  with  hdparm. To see how your hard disk does compare: # hdparm -t...

We can configure apache – httpd service to listen Multiple ports via Listen directive. By default httpd listens on TCP port 80. To configure multiple ports, open file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and modify the Listen directive tells the server to accept incoming requests on the specified port # vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Find, Listen 80 Force apache to listen to port 8...

Fileop utility does file operation on the filesystem and gives the ops/sec for each operation. This tool will be useful to test your filesystem performance as well as storage performance. Or, if you are going to select a filesystem or storage that is going to host huge number of small files (like source codes), then fileop can be used for benchmarking. First Install  ...

The iostat command, Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices, partitions and network file systems (NFS). The iostat command generates reports that can be used to change system configuration to better balance the input/output load between physical disks. The -n option displays the NFS disk statistics. Data displayed are valid only with kernels...

Ping is used to check how many systems are up. Most of the hackers are using ping for finding the hackable machine. The hacking chances can be reduced by turning off ping response. For RHEL/Cent OS/Fedora Linux, open terminal as a root and execute, # sysctl -a | grep icmp net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmp_timeout = 30 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all =...

In Linux you can use faillog command to display failed login attempts or you can set login failure limits. faillog formats the contents of the failure log from /var/log/faillog database / secure log file. It also can be used for maintains failure counters and limits. For RHEL/CentOS Linux 5.x, you need to modify /etc/pam.d/system-auth file to monitor or track failed login attempts. You need to...

By default, when we are creating new user to Linux OS, all files from /etc/skel are copied to the new user's home directory. There are few files included in /etc/skel/ by default. * /etc/skel/.bash_logout * /etc/skel/.bashrc * /etc/skel/.profile * /etc/skel/.cshrc If you want to share some files, including rules and regulations to new users, simply add it...

For Authentication, Account Management and Authorization, PAM is the core module and pam_unix provides mentioned functionality. Same module can be used to maintain a list of old passwords for every user. This is useful if you want to disallow use of old passwords. You can find out old password list from /etc/security/opasswd file. Open /etc/pam.d/system-auth file of Fedora Core or Red Hat or...

You may have heard of a server system called LAMP, and wondered what it is. Well, the answer is that LAMP isn't any one thing on its own - it's actually a combination of four technologies. Together, the LAMP technologies form the most popular overall server system on the web today. LAMP is short for Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP. This will guide you to install LAMP server on your Linux System. Note: I...

Backing up MySQL database is a very important system administration task, and should generally be run automatically from cron. We will use the mysqldump utility included with mysql to dump the contents of the database to a text file that can be easily restore. # mysqldump -h localhost -u root -p root_password DataBase > DB_name_Bkp.sql This will generate a text file containing ...

For mysql, the system administrator user is called root. We will use the mysqladmin utility from a command line to set the new password. Default password is not secured at all. By default in RedHat, Fedora and Centos default password is null. So it is always better to set root password. To re-set root password, first stop mysql service. # service mysqld stop # mysqld_safe...

PowerDNS is a DNS server, written in C++ and licensed under the GPL. It runs on most Unix derivatives and on Microsoft Windows. PowerDNS can be managed through a web interface (PowerAdmin). Install MySQL, # yum install mysql* -y After installation, start it and create system startup links for MySQL. # service mysqld start; chkconfig mysqld on If you want to set root password, # mysqladmin -u root...